Fix every real lint finding and drop degenerate splice fragments

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# ADR 0004: Chunking strategy for drug monographs — validated against real per-section measurements
## Status
Accepted for the monograph range (printed pp. 99-1496) only. General
chapters (pp. 37-98) and appendices (pp. 1497-1528) are explicitly out of
scope — see Consequences.
## Context
`docs/architecture.md`'s original "Chunking" paragraph specified `(drug,
section)` as the chunk unit, a ~500-800 token budget, and a 400-token/
50-overlap sliding window for oversized sections. Those numbers were written
before segmentation existed — a plausible guess, never checked against real
per-section text length.
Phase 1 (extract → segment → validate) is now real, tested code producing
682 real monographs from the full 1668-page source PDF. This session ran
`python -m ingestion.cli run` for real and measured actual per-section
length across the whole corpus with a temporary investigation script
(`ingestion/scratch/chunking_stats_survey.py`, deleted after this ADR
captured its findings, per this project's investigation-script rule) —
something that had never been measured before this ADR.
## What was actually measured (whole corpus, 682 monographs)
- Sections per monograph: min 11, median 17, max 19 (of ~18-19 known
section keys in `segment/vocab.py`'s open taxonomy).
- Whole-monograph length: median 11,480 chars, p90 19,068 chars, max 38,786
chars.
- Per-section length, converted to a **chars/4 token estimate — an
estimate, not a real tokenizer count**:
- Most of the ~18 section types sit comfortably under 800 estimated
tokens even at their p90 (e.g. `chi_dinh` p90≈268 tok, `dang_thuoc_va_
ham_luong` p90≈115 tok, `tac_dung_khong_mong_muon` p90≈481 tok).
- **Two sections routinely exceed 800 tokens**:
`duoc_ly_va_co_che_tac_dung` (242 of 678 monographs that have this
section, 35.7%, max ≈3542 tok) and `lieu_luong_va_cach_dung` (200 of
675, 29.6%, max ≈3631 tok).
- A smaller tail also exceeds it: `than_trong` (25/680, 3.7%),
`tuong_tac_thuoc` (22/642, 3.4%).
- This means: the original 800-token ceiling is directionally correct
(it clears ~16 of 18 section types at their p90 with room to spare),
but "sub-chunk in that case" is not a rare hedge as originally implied
— it is the routine path for roughly a third of all monographs, on two
specific, named, high-clinical-importance sections (mechanism of
action and dosing).
**A separate, blocking bug was found while gathering this data, not fixed
by this ADR** (out of scope — belongs to `extract`/`segment`, owned by a
parallel session at the time of writing): running header/footer
boilerplate ("DTQGVN 2" + page number + repeated drug name, tagged
`column="full_width"` in `extract/spans.py`) is never filtered out of
section body text before it reaches `SectionSpan.text`. Measured:
1,374 of 11,409 sections (12.0%) contain a literal "DTQGVN" string
mid-text; 671 of 682 monographs (98.4%) have at least one affected section
(e.g. MORPHIN SULFAT's `lieu_luong_va_cach_dung`: `"...Nếu\nDTQGVN 2\n1009\n
Morphin sulfat\nuống viên thuốc..."`). This is `docs/pdf-parsing-outlier-
catalog.md` item 13's known risk, measured whole-corpus for the first time
here. **Chunking must not run against real data until this is fixed**
otherwise boilerplate is baked into embeddings and can surface mid-sentence
in a chunk shown to a doctor or pharmacist.
## Decision
1. **Chunk unit stays `(drug_id, section_key)`** — matches
`segment/models.py`'s existing `Monograph.sections: Dict[str,
SectionSpan]`, matches how a doctor/pharmacist would query ("what does
it say about liều dùng"), and lets a citation point at one clinical
section rather than a whole 2,000-19,000-char monograph.
2. **Token budget: keep the 800-token ceiling** (chars/4 estimate) as the
split trigger. Below it, a section is one chunk, verbatim. This is now a
validated choice, not a guess.
3. **Sub-chunking only applies to the long-tail sections above** (~30-36%
of monographs for the two named sections, a few percent for the rest).
Method: **sentence-boundary-aware sliding window**, replacing the
originally-guessed fixed-character window. Target ~600-700 tokens per
sub-chunk (headroom under the 800 ceiling), ~1 sentence / 50-80 token
overlap between adjacent sub-chunks. Split only at a sentence boundary
(`.`/`;`/`:` followed by whitespace + capital letter), explicitly not
treating a Vietnamese decimal comma (e.g. "0,425") as a boundary.
4. **Why sentence-aware, not line- or character-based**: `assembler.py`
joins `body_lines` one line per PyMuPDF *span*, i.e. one PDF visual
line-wrap point — not a semantic paragraph or sentence boundary. A blind
character/line window can split a sentence mid-way. This is a real,
measured risk here, not theoretical: outlier-catalog item 17 found
adult/child dosing splits ("Người lớn"/"Trẻ em") appear on 1,121 of
~1,400 monograph-range pages — a chunk boundary landing inside one of
those sentences would be a patient-safety-relevant defect, not a
cosmetic one.
5. **Chunk metadata / provenance** (extends the existing `drug_name,
section_type, source_page_range, chunk_id` list in `docs/architecture.md`
— per CLAUDE.md's provenance rule): `chunk_id`
(`{drug_id}__{section_key}__{part_index}`), `drug_id`, `drug_name`,
`section_key`, `section_display_name`, `atc_codes` (inherited from the
monograph — enables ATC-class-filtered retrieval), `source_page_range`
(monograph-level, see Consequences), `part_index`/`part_count` (`0`/`1`
for un-split sections, keeps the schema uniform across all chunks).
## Consequences
- **Scope**: this decision covers the monograph range only. General
chapters and appendices contain real tables and 2D stacked-fraction
formulas (`docs/document-profile.md`, investigation in progress as of
this ADR) that need their own structural survey before any chunking rule
can be designed for them — do not extend this ADR's rules to those ranges
without a fresh investigation.
- **Hard prerequisite**: the boilerplate-leakage bug described above must
be fixed in `extract`/`segment` before this chunking design is run
against real data for ingestion. This ADR does not fix it.
- **Known gap — sub-compound tagging inside class-level monographs**: 25.5%
of the corpus has more than one ATC code per monograph (outlier item
12a), e.g. "VITAMIN D VÀ CÁC THUỐC TƯƠNG TỰ" documents dosing for 7
different analogues inside one `lieu_luong_va_cach_dung` section. No
reliable structural signal was found in sampled text to split a section
by sub-compound — a chunk from this section is tagged with the class
name only, not the specific analogue a query might target. Deferred to
golden-dataset-driven eval rather than guessed at now.
- **Known gap — sub-chunk page precision**: `source_page_range` is
monograph-level, not sub-chunk-exact. A sub-chunk from late in a
multi-page section inherits the whole monograph's page range rather than
its own precise page, because per-line page tracking doesn't currently
exist in `SectionSpan`/`Heading`. The monograph + section-heading page is
still real, checkable provenance, but this is a known precision gap, not
full sub-chunk traceability. Flagged as a future improvement.
- **Not yet built**: the Vietnamese sentence-boundary splitter itself
(abbreviation handling, decimal-comma handling, ATC-code-period handling)
is specified here as a rule, not implemented or unit-tested. Building and
testing it is a separate, later task (`ingestion/ingestion/chunk/`, which
does not exist yet).
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# ADR 0005: `segment/` output contract needed by `chunk/` — structure-preserving, not flattened
## Status
Proposed. **Contract/schema only — no implementation.** `segment/models.py`,
`segment/assembler.py`, and `segment/io.py` are actively owned by a parallel
session on the same checkout at the time of writing; this ADR specifies what
`chunk/` needs from `segment/`'s output precisely enough to implement and
test, but does not touch those files itself. Supersedes part of ADR 0004
(see "Relationship to ADR 0004" below) — ADR 0004's `(drug_id, section_key)`
chunk-unit-as-leaf assumption is corrected here to `(drug_id, section_key)`
as a **parent**, with sentence-window splitting demoted from primary
strategy to fallback.
## Context
ADR 0004 designed chunking against `segment/models.py`'s current output:
`SectionSpan.text` is a single flattened string per section (`"\n".join(
body_line.strip() for ...)`), with all per-line style (`Span.bold`) and
per-line page position discarded once the string is built (confirmed by
reading `assembler.py`: `body_lines.append(span.text.strip())` keeps only
`span.text`, nothing else). Review of ADR 0004 surfaced four real problems
that trace back to this flattening, not to the chunking algorithm itself:
1. **A section is not a single semantic unit.** `liều lượng và cách dùng`
and `tương tác thuốc` routinely contain multiple distinct facts (dosing
per patient population, dosing per organ-function impairment, multiple
separate drug interactions) that a doctor may want to retrieve
independently. Measured: an explicit population marker ("Người lớn"/
"Trẻ em"/"Trẻ sơ sinh"/"Suy thận"/"Suy gan" immediately followed by `:`
or `.`) appears in **303 of 675 monographs (44.9%)** that have a `liều
lượng và cách dùng` section — this is common, not an edge case.
2. **A blind sentence-boundary sliding window (ADR 0004's original
sub-chunking method) can still split two different facts into the same
chunk, or split one fact across two chunks**, because it has no way to
know a population/interaction boundary exists — that information exists
in the source (as a bold or otherwise visually distinct sub-heading, per
direct reading of MORPHIN SULFAT/VITAMIN D section text: lines like
"Thuốc uống", "Cách dùng:" render as isolated bold short lines in the
PDF) but is discarded before `chunk/` ever sees it.
3. **Tables inside the monograph range are not addressed at all.** ADR 0004
implicitly assumed monograph-range sections are prose. `docs/pdf-parsing-
outlier-catalog.md` item 19 already documents a real table (dosing by
renal function, HSV/CMV columns) inside a monograph body (Foscarnet
natri, physical page 698) — flattening a table's rows into
newline-joined body text destroys its row/column structure exactly the
way outlier item 7 already describes for the appendix's 2D nomogram
table. A whole-range survey to size this properly is in progress
alongside this ADR (see "Not yet resolved" below).
4. **Provenance is section-level, not chunk-level**, because per-line
`physical_page`/`y0` (which `Span` already carries — see
`extract/models.py`) is discarded at the same flattening point. For a
section spanning several physical pages, a sub-chunk built from its
final third currently has no way to know its own real page — it can
only inherit the whole monograph's `source_page_range`. For medical
citations this is not precise enough.
**A fifth, independently-found data-quality bug makes precise provenance
even more necessary, not less**: the corpus's last-processed monograph
(ZOLPIDEM) is never closed until true end-of-stream, and `assembler._classify`
calls `match_section()`/`match_section_with_inline_value()` on every span
with **no `in_monograph_range` gate** (unlike `_TextEvent` handling, which
does check it). A spurious bold-text match on physical page 1655 — deep in
the back-of-book "Mục lục tra cứu" brand-name index, confirmed by reading
that page directly — overwrote ZOLPIDEM's real `tương tác thuốc`
`SectionSpan` with an empty one and corrupted its `source_page_range` to
`[1492, 1655]`. This is real content loss (measured: exactly 1 monograph
affected, the last one processed — every other monograph is closed on
schedule by the next monograph title, which *is* range-gated). Flagged for
the session that owns `extract`/`segment`, not fixed here.
## Decision
Extend `segment/models.py`'s `SectionSpan` with a structured, line-level
representation, additive to (not replacing) the existing flat `text` field
`chunk/` becomes a real, structure-aware consumer instead of re-deriving
structure from a flattened string via ad hoc regex.
### New/changed types (`segment/models.py`)
```python
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class BodyLine:
text: str
physical_page: int
y0: float
bold: bool # Span.bold, preserved instead of discarded
@dataclass
class SectionSpan:
key: str
display_name: str
heading: Heading
text: str # UNCHANGED meaning, kept for
# backward compat (see invariant below)
lines: List[BodyLine] = field(default_factory=list) # NEW
```
`lines` carries exactly the per-line signal `chunk/` needs to do its own
job (population/subheading detection, precise page provenance) without
`segment/` having to know anything about chunking — `segment/`'s
responsibility stays "detect boundaries and preserve source structure," not
"decide what a retrieval unit is" (Clean Architecture / SoC, per
CLAUDE.md). Specifically, this is deliberately **not** a `is_subheading:
bool` field computed by `segment/` — classifying "is this line a
subheading a chunker should split on" is a chunking-time decision (what
counts as a good split point can vary by strategy/eval results), not a
segmentation-time one. `segment/` should stop discarding the raw signal
(`bold`, `y0`, `physical_page`) it already has per span; it should not also
start doing chunk-shaping judgment calls.
### Invariants
1. `text == "\n".join(l.text for l in lines).strip()` for every
`SectionSpan`, for the lifetime of this contract — `lines` is a strictly
additive refinement, never a divergent second source of truth. Any
change to how body text is assembled (e.g. the boilerplate-stripping fix
already applied by the other session) must update both fields from the
same filtered span list, not `text` alone.
2. `lines` is in reading order, matching the order `text`'s lines already
implicitly have.
3. Every `BodyLine.physical_page` satisfies `detector.in_monograph_range`
for a `Span` on that page — i.e., **no line in any `SectionSpan.lines`
may come from outside the monograph's real printed-page range**. This is
the ZOLPIDEM bug's exact failure mode stated as an invariant: it was
violated (a spurious section event was accepted from a fully
out-of-range page precisely because no such check existed for section
*events*, only for body *text* events). Enforcing this invariant closes
that bug as a side effect, but the invariant is stated here as a
contract requirement independent of any specific fix implementation.
4. Every currently-open monograph must be finalized exactly once, at either
(a) the next monograph title, or (b) true end-of-stream — with no third
path (e.g., a stray out-of-range section match) able to silently mutate
an already-"complete" monograph's sections after point (a) would
otherwise have applied. (This is a restatement of invariant 3 from the
monograph-lifecycle side, not a new requirement.)
### Migration impact
- **`segment/io.py`** (`_monograph_to_dict`/`_monograph_from_dict`,
`write_monographs_jsonl`/`read_monographs_jsonl`): additive — serialize
`lines` alongside the existing `text`/`heading` fields per section.
Existing consumers reading only `text` (e.g. `segment/atc.py`'s
`extract_atc_codes`, which regexes over `SectionSpan.text`) need no
change, per invariant 1.
- **`ingestion/data/processed/monographs.jsonl`**: schema grows a new
optional-shaped field (`sections[key].lines`). No `schema_version` field
currently exists in the serialized dict (checked `io.py` directly) —
worth adding as part of this change, both for this migration and because
`docs/architecture.md` already assumes "collection aliasing allows
re-ingesting with a changed chunking strategy," which implies the
ingestion output itself should be able to declare which schema shape it
is.
- **Existing 110 tests**: unaffected if invariant 1 holds — no assertion in
the current suite inspects `lines` (it doesn't exist yet), and `text`'s
value/semantics are unchanged.
- **New tests required** (this ADR specifies them; implementation and the
actual test code are not part of this ADR):
1. Regression test reproducing the ZOLPIDEM failure shape: a synthetic
span stream — last monograph's title and real sections, followed by
spans whose `printed_page` is out of `in_monograph_range` but whose
text matches a `vocab.py` section label — asserting the monograph
closes with its real sections intact and the out-of-range spurious
match is ignored, not accepted.
2. `SectionSpan.lines` fixture test: using the real MORPHIN SULFAT
boilerplate-fix fixture already in `tests/test_segment_assembler.py`,
assert `lines` preserves the correct `bold`/`physical_page`/`y0` per
retained line (and that stripped boilerplate lines are absent from
`lines` too, not just from `text`).
3. Round-trip test: `write_monographs_jsonl``read_monographs_jsonl`
preserves `lines` exactly (dataclass equality per line).
4. Whole-corpus invariant-1 check: for a real `cli run` output, assert
`text == "\n".join(l.text for l in lines).strip()` holds for every
section of every monograph, not a sample.
## Relationship to ADR 0004
ADR 0004's chunk-unit decision (`(drug_id, section_key)`) is **not**
discarded — a section is still the natural *parent* grouping (matches how a
clinician thinks, matches `Monograph.sections`). What changes: ADR 0004
described a section as directly *the* chunk when under the 800-token
ceiling, with sentence-window splitting as the fallback for oversized
sections. Per the review above, splitting must instead **first** attempt to
break at real structural boundaries available in `SectionSpan.lines` (a
bold, short, isolated line — the same "subheading" shape already visually
confirmed for route-of-administration/population sub-headers — or an
explicit population/organ-function marker), with the sentence-window method
demoted to a fallback for the remaining prose that has no such marker. The
exact splitting algorithm (how a "subheading-shaped line" is defined
precisely, in code) is a `chunk/`-side implementation detail *enabled* by
this contract, not decided by it.
## Not yet resolved (explicitly out of scope for this ADR)
- **Table/formula content blocks.** A separate whole-monograph-range survey
(pdfplumber `find_tables()` + PyMuPDF math-symbol scan, physical pages
98-1494 excluding blank page 99 — the exact set `detector.
in_monograph_range` accepts, not an assumed offset) is in progress at the
time of writing, per explicit user instruction to measure before deciding
a table/formula chunk-unit strategy. This ADR's `BodyLine`
contract covers **text content only**; a table/formula region should
*not* currently be flattened into `BodyLine`s (doing so would repeat
exactly the "destroys row/column meaning" mistake outlier item 7 already
documents) — but the precise `ContentBlock`/table-row/formula-unit shape
is deferred to a follow-up revision of this ADR once the survey reports
real numbers (how many monographs/sections affected, page-break
continuation frequency, multi-tier headers, merged cells, footnotes).
- **Paragraph-boundary detection** (grouping consecutive `BodyLine`s into a
flowing paragraph vs. a new one) is left to `chunk/`, using the same
kind of y-gap heuristic `segment/merge.py` already validates for
multi-line title wraps (`_MAX_LINE_GAP_PT`) — `BodyLine.y0` is sufficient
raw signal for `chunk/` to compute this itself; `segment/` does not need
to pre-compute paragraph grouping.
- **The actual `chunk/` splitting implementation** (subheading detector,
population-marker regex, sentence-window fallback) is not part of this
ADR — this ADR defines the data contract that implementation will consume.
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# ADR 0006: chunks must carry references to lifted table/formula blocks
## Status
Proposed, with implementation to follow immediately. Resolves the item ADR
0005 explicitly deferred ("Table/formula content blocks … the precise
`ContentBlock`/table-row/formula-unit shape is deferred to a follow-up
revision of this ADR once the survey reports real numbers"). The survey has
reported.
## Context
`segment/` now lifts table and formula regions out of section prose and
quarantines them (ADR 0003 lineage, outlier-catalog items 7, 8, 24, 25).
That was the right move — linearised, AMPICILIN VÀ SULBACTAM's
Cockcroft-Gault fraction read as `Clcr (ml/phút) = 72 x creatinin huyết
thanh`, i.e. a division presented as a multiplication, in a renal-dosing
section.
But `chunk/models.py` has no field that refers to a lifted block. Measured on
the current whole-corpus output:
| quantity | value |
|---|---|
| lifted blocks | 167, all quarantined |
| monographs affected | 96 of 683 (**14.1%**) |
| sections affected | 108 |
| **blocks in `lieu_luong_va_cach_dung`** | **127 (76%)** |
| next largest section | `duoc_ly_va_co_che_tac_dung`, 16 |
| shapes | simple_table 136, multi_level_or_merged_header 16, formula_2d 14, cross_page_continuation 1 |
So three quarters of everything removed from prose was removed from the
dosing section, in a drug formulary, for an audience of doctors and
pharmacists.
**The failure this creates is silent, not visible.** A chunk of AMPICILIN VÀ
SULBACTAM's `lieu_luong_va_cach_dung` is grammatical, complete-looking prose
with the renal-dosing table absent and nothing marking the absence. Retrieval
ranks it, the model answers from it, and neither has any way to know a table
was taken out. A visible error would be safer than this.
A second, quieter failure: a table is currently **unreachable**. Nothing in
the index represents it, so "bảng liều theo chức năng thận của ampicilin"
cannot retrieve it even in principle.
## Decision
Chunks reference blocks; blocks' content never becomes embedded text.
### 1. `Chunk` gains typed attachments
```python
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ChunkAttachment:
block_id: str
kind: str # "table" | "formula"
shape: str # simple_table | multi_level_or_merged_header |
# cross_page_continuation | formula_2d
physical_page: int
bbox: List[float]
quarantined: bool
header_row: List[str] = () # simple_table only; see caveat below
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Chunk:
...
chunk_kind: str = "prose" # "prose" | "block_descriptor"
attachments: List[ChunkAttachment] = ()
has_quarantined_content: bool = False
```
`has_quarantined_content` is derivable from `attachments`, and is serialized
anyway. A consumer that never looks at `attachments` must still be unable to
miss the fact — the whole defect being fixed here is a consumer not knowing
what it was not told.
### 2. One descriptor chunk per block, built from metadata only
A block also gets its own chunk so it is retrievable at all:
```
chunk_id = "{drug_id}:{section_key}:block:{block_id}"
chunk_kind = "block_descriptor"
text = "AMPICILIN VÀ SULBACTAM — Liều lượng và cách dùng — bảng,
trang in 204. Cột: Độ thanh thải creatinin | Nửa đời |
Liều ampicilin/sulbactam."
```
The text is assembled from the drug name, the section display name, the kind,
the printed page and — for `simple_table` only — the header row. **No cell
value ever appears.** A header row is a row of labels; linearising it cannot
invent a numeric relationship, which is precisely what linearising a body row
does. For every other shape the header is omitted, because
`multi_level_or_merged_header` is the shape whose header extraction is least
trustworthy.
Caveat recorded in the schema itself: `header_row` comes from
`pdfplumber.find_tables()`'s first row and has **not** been verified by eye
(the 180 real tables' individual shapes are rule-derived; only the 20
"not a table" verdicts were visually confirmed). It is retrieval bait, never
an answer.
### 3. The answer layer's obligations (binding on `ai-service`)
These are stated here because they are the reason the schema exists; they are
not implemented by `ingestion/`.
1. A retrieved chunk with `has_quarantined_content: true` **must** cause the
answer to state that a table or formula exists at the cited page, and to
surface its rendered crop. The answer may not present itself as complete.
2. A `block_descriptor` chunk may be answered **only** with the crop. It must
never be paraphrased, and its `header_row` must never be presented as the
table's content.
3. No chunk carrying a quarantined attachment may be used to state a numeric
dose. If the dose is in the table, the answer is the crop plus the page.
### 4. `schema_version`
`monographs.jsonl` and the chunk output both gain `schema_version`. ADR 0005
flagged its absence; a schema that now has two chunk kinds and an attachment
list cannot be safely consumed without one.
## Alternatives rejected
- **Flatten the block into the chunk text.** This is the defect, not the fix
— it reproduces `Clcr = 72 x creatinin` exactly.
- **Chunk the block's linearised text as an ordinary chunk.** Worse than
flattening: it makes unsafe text independently retrievable *as prose*, with
its quarantine flag one dereference away from being ignored.
- **Drop the blocks.** Silent loss, and contrary to the standing rule that
unreconstructable content is quarantined with full provenance, never
deleted.
- **Rely on the prose saying "xem bảng".** The prose often does not, and a
retrieval layer cannot act on an unstructured hint.
- **Wait for row/column reconstruction and do this once.** Reconstruction is
days of work and would leave the corpus unchunkable meanwhile; worse, it
would make the schema question look answered when the *silent-incompleteness*
problem is independent of whether the rows are recovered. Reconstruction
later populates `rows` on the same attachment without touching consumers.
## Why a crop is a legitimate answer, not a placeholder
For doctors and pharmacists a rendered crop of the source page is the
highest-fidelity response available: it *is* the book, and it is verifiable at
a glance. Reconstruction earns its keep for a different job — comparing or
combining values across drugs, which is the synthesis use case this product
exists for — not for single-table lookup.
## Invariants and gates
Added to `cli chunk-ready` and to the chunk stage's own tests:
1. `section_with_lifted_block_but_no_chunk_reference = 0`
2. `attachment_block_id_unknown = 0` — every referenced id exists on the
monograph
3. `attachment_without_page_or_bbox = 0`
4. `block_text_leaked_into_chunk_text = 0` — no chunk's embedded text
contains a quarantined block's text
5. `descriptor_chunk_count == block_count`
6. `descriptor_chunk_without_attachment = 0`
## Consequences
- Prose chunks shrink slightly in trustworthiness terms but grow in honesty:
the ones missing a table now say so.
- The index gains 167 descriptor chunks (≈1.4% of the expected chunk count),
each cheap and none carrying unsafe text.
- `ai-service` cannot be built to answer a dosing question from prose alone
for the 108 affected sections without violating a stated contract.
- The 14 `formula_2d` attachments make the two Cockcroft-Gault formulas
answerable as crops today, which they are not now.